How Long Can Someone with Dementia Live? Understanding Life Expectancy and Care Needs

Dementia affects people differently, but research provides general estimates of life expectancy based on the type of dementia diagnosed:

• Alzheimer’s disease: On average, individuals live for eight to ten years after diagnosis. However, if diagnosed in their 80s or 90s, life expectancy may be shorter. Some individuals live for 15 or even 20 years with the condition.
• Vascular dementia: Life expectancy is typically around five years, often due to underlying health conditions such as strokes or heart disease.
• Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): This form of dementia has an average life expectancy of six years, with an increased risk of falls and infections.
• Frontotemporal dementia (FTD): People with FTD may live between six to eight years, though those with associated motor neurone disease may have a shorter life expectancy of two to three years.

Life expectancy is influenced by individual health factors, but early diagnosis and quality care can play a significant role in supporting a person’s wellbeing throughout their journey with dementia.

Understanding the signs of later-stage dementia helps families provide the right care and support. Some of the key challenges include:

Memory Loss and Disorientation

People with advanced dementia often experience ‘time shifting’, believing they are living in an earlier period of their life. This can lead to distress, especially when asking for loved ones who have passed away. They may no longer recognise family members, and reflections in mirrors can become confusing.

Communication Difficulties

Language skills decline significantly, and many individuals become nonverbal. However, they may still respond to gestures, facial expressions, and tone of voice. Non-verbal communication remains important in maintaining emotional connections.

Behavioural and Emotional Changes

• Increased anxiety and depression.
• Delusions and hallucinations, leading to confusion.
• Resistance to personal care, sometimes accompanied by aggression or restlessness.
• Enjoyment of sensory experiences such as music, familiar scents, or comforting textures.

Physical Challenges

• Reduced mobility: Many individuals become unable to walk or move independently.
• Increased risk of falls: Weakness and coordination difficulties lead to a higher likelihood of injuries.
• Swallowing difficulties: This can cause weight loss, dehydration, and an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia.
• Incontinence: Many individuals require assistance with hygiene and continence management.

As physical and cognitive decline progresses, the risk of complications such as infections, pressure sores, and respiratory issues increases.

As dementia progresses to its final stage, palliative care becomes essential. The focus shifts to comfort, dignity, and emotional support. Families may need to make decisions regarding medical interventions, pain relief, and preferred care settings.

Key aspects of end-of-life care include:

• Managing pain and discomfort effectively.
• Ensuring emotional support for both the individual and their loved ones.
• Discussing care preferences in advance to respect wishes.

Support from experienced caregivers can make a profound difference in easing this transition and ensuring a peaceful and dignified experience for the individual.

Dementia affects each person differently, but understanding its progression can help families prepare for the road ahead. While life expectancy varies, compassionate care and emotional support can make all the difference in ensuring dignity, comfort, and meaningful connections in the later stages of life.

At Home Instead New Forest, we understand the complexities of dementia care. Our highly trained caregivers provide personalised support, helping families navigate this journey with expertise and compassion. Whether you need respite care, full-time support, or simply guidance on what to expect, we are here to help.