Every year on 12th November, World Pneumonia Day raises awareness of one of the world’s most common yet underestimated illnesses.
Every year on 12th November, World Pneumonia Day raises awareness of one of the world’s most common yet underestimated illnesses. Pneumonia affects people of all ages, but it’s particularly dangerous for older adults, especially those living with long-term health conditions.
At Home Instead, we see first-hand how quickly a simple cough or cold can become something more serious for an older person. Our Care Professionals are trained to spot early warning signs and to act fast, by raising the concerns early it can help families get the right support before things worsen.
This World Pneumonia Day, we’re sharing why pneumonia deserves attention, how to recognise the symptoms, and what you can do to help keep your loved ones safe and well this winter.
Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in one or both lungs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and while many people recover quickly, older adults often have a harder time fighting the infection.
The NHS highlights that pneumonia can be more dangerous for people who are:
Over 65 years old
Living with chronic health conditions (such as COPD, diabetes, or heart disease)
Recovering from surgery or illness
Experiencing reduced mobility or weakened immunity
In older adults, pneumonia can develop suddenly or gradually. Even mild cases can lead to hospital admission or long-term weakness, which is why early recognition is so important.
Pneumonia can sometimes look like a bad cold or flu, especially in its early stages. According to the NHS UK, common symptoms include:
A persistent cough, which may produce phlegm
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Chest pain that worsens when breathing or coughing
High temperature, sweating, or shivering
Loss of appetite, tiredness, or general weakness
However, in older adults, symptoms can sometimes appear differently. You might notice:
Confusion or disorientation
A drop in body temperature instead of a fever
Sudden decline in energy or alertness
Bluish lips or fingertips (due to lack of oxygen)
Because these signs can appear subtle, it’s easy to mistake pneumonia for something else, like a chest infection, flu, or even just “feeling under the weather.” That’s why having someone who really knows your loved one, like a Home Instead Care Professional, can make such a difference.
If you suspect pneumonia, it’s important to seek medical advice quickly. The NHS recommends contacting your GP or NHS 111 if symptoms don’t improve after a few days or are getting worse.
Call 999 or go to A&E if the person:
Is struggling to breathe
Has chest pain that is severe or worsening
Is coughing up blood
Becomes confused, drowsy, or unresponsive
Has blue lips or face
Treatment usually involves antibiotics (for bacterial pneumonia), rest, and plenty of fluids. Severe cases may require hospital treatment or oxygen therapy.
While pneumonia can’t always be avoided, there are several ways to reduce the risk, especially during the colder months:
Get vaccinated – The pneumococcal vaccine (available free on the NHS for over-65s) helps protect against the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia. The annual flu vaccine is also vital, as flu can often lead to secondary pneumonia.
Stay warm and hydrated – Cold homes can increase vulnerability to chest infections. Keep rooms warm, encourage warm drinks, and ensure good nutrition.
Encourage gentle movement – Even light exercise, such as walking or stretching, helps keep lungs healthy and prevents infections from settling.
Good hygiene – Regular handwashing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds or flu can help prevent the spread of infection.
Healthy habits – Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake both improve lung health and immunity.
Because pneumonia can mimic other illnesses, it’s not uncommon for it to be mistaken for:
Bronchitis or chest infection
COVID-19 or flu
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) flare-ups
Heart failure, which can also cause breathlessness and fatigue
The overlap of symptoms can make diagnosis difficult, particularly for older people who may downplay how unwell they feel. This is where having regular home visits can be crucial.
At Home Instead, our Care Professionals are trained to look beyond the obvious. They notice changes in routine, mood, and physical wellbeing that can indicate when something isn’t right.
If they observe symptoms such as breathlessness, confusion, unusual fatigue, or a sudden drop in appetite, they’ll raise concerns immediately with our supportive care coordinating staff in the office, or/and call 111 NHS for assistance.
This proactive approach means clients can get medical attention sooner, often preventing hospital admissions or complications.
It’s another reason why having regular home care support can provide peace of mind. Whether it’s companionship visits, help with daily routines, or more personal care, our team ensures that someone is always there to notice the small but important changes that others might miss.
As winter sets in, World Pneumonia Day is a powerful reminder that something as simple as a cough or breathlessness in an older adult should never be ignored. Early action saves lives, with regular companionship and care at home can play a key role in prevention and early detection.
If you’re worried about a loved one being alone or struggling this winter, consider how a little extra support could help. A friendly face who knows them well, notices the signs, and takes action can make all the difference.
Learn more about how our home care services help older adults stay safe and well at home this winter.