Music and Dementia: Improving Circadian Rhythm, Sleep and Wellbeing

Research increasingly highlights the benefits of music therapy for people living with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Studies suggest that music can help stimulate cognitive function, encourage memory recall, and improve emotional wellbeing. Unlike many daily activities, music activates multiple areas of the brain simultaneously, helping to engage regions that may otherwise remain underused as dementia progresses.

As cognitive decline advances, maintaining brain stimulation becomes increasingly important. Familiar songs, meaningful melodies, and personalised playlists can evoke memories, encourage communication, and provide comfort for individuals living with dementia.

One particularly promising area of research focuses on how music may help regulate the circadian rhythm, supporting healthier sleep and daily routines for people with dementia.

“Music rituals reduce evening anxiety in dementia by pairing familiar songs with consistent timing, creating a neurological anchor that settles sundowning behaviours.”
Levine, S. (2026)

Circadian rhythm is the body’s natural internal clock, regulating sleep, wakefulness, eating patterns, and hormonal responses throughout the day. It is also recognised as playing an important role in managing stress and wellbeing.

Unfortunately, sleep disturbances are among the most common symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Poor sleep can worsen confusion, agitation, and memory difficulties, while dementia itself can further disrupt normal sleep patterns, creating a challenging cycle for both individuals and their families.

Music can help establish consistent daily cues. When specific sounds are repeatedly associated with certain activities or times of day, the brain begins to recognise these patterns subconsciously.

For example:

• Upbeat and energising music during morning routines can help promote alertness.
• Familiar background music or a favourite radio programme during mealtimes can signal eating and social engagement.
• Calming instrumental or classical music in the evening may help encourage relaxation and prepare the mind for sleep.

The key is personalisation. Music should reflect the individual’s tastes, memories, and preferences. For someone who enjoys classic rock, a morning playlist featuring favourite rock songs may be far more effective than upbeat pop music. Familiarity and enjoyment are often what make music most meaningful and impactful.

By incorporating personalised music into daily routines, families and carers may be able to support better sleep habits, reduce anxiety, and create reassuring structure throughout the day for a loved one living with dementia.

FAQs

What is music therapy for dementia?

Music therapy uses familiar songs, rhythms and sounds to stimulate memory, improve mood, reduce anxiety, and support cognitive function in those living with dementia.

Can music help people with Alzheimer’s disease?

Music can trigger memories, improve emotional wellbeing, encourage communication, and provide comfort even in the later stages of Alzheimer’s disease.

How does music affect the brain in dementia?

Music activates multiple areas of the brain simultaneously, helping to stimulate memory, emotion, attention, and movement.

Can music improve sleep in people with dementia?

Music has been linked to relaxation, and a consistent music routine has been shown to support healthier sleeping patterns and regulate circadian rhythm.

What type of music is best for someone with dementia?

Personalised music based on individual preferences, memories, and life experiences is often the most effective.

Can music reduce sundowning symptoms?

Familiar evening music and calming routines may help reduce anxiety, agitation, and confusion commonly associated with sundowning.

How often should music be used in dementia care?

Consider using music throughout the day at key times such as waking up, mealtimes, activities, and bedtime to create consistent routines.

Are there any risks to using music therapy with dementia?

Music is generally safe, but volume, song choice, and personal associations should be considered, as some music may trigger negative emotions or overstimulation.

Can carers use music therapy at home?

Answer:  Yes! Using the website Homepage – Music for my Mind | Music for My Mind you can create tailored playlists in less than 5 minutes.

Why is music important in dementia care?

Music can support emotional wellbeing, social connection, memory recall, routine building, and overall quality of life without relying on medication.

What songs are best for triggering memories in dementia?

Music from a person’s teens, twenties, and significant life events often creates the strongest emotional and memory connections.

Can music help reduce anxiety in people with dementia?

Familiar music can create feelings of safety, comfort, and reassurance during periods of stress or confusion.